
COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Community trade mark (repealed) 

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TITLE I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Community trade mark
Article 1 
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Office
Article 2 
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Capacity to act
Article 3 
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TITLE II
THE LAW RELATING TO TRADE MARKS
SECTION 1
DEFINITION OF A COMMUNITY TRADE MARK OBTAINING A COMMUNITY TRADE MARK
Signs of which a Community trade mark may consist
Article 4 
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Persons who can be proprietors of Community trade marks
Article 5 
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Means whereby a Community trade mark is obtained
Article 6 
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Absolute grounds for refusal
Article 7 
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Relative grounds for refusal
Article 8 
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SECTION 2
EFFECTS OF COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
Rights conferred by a Community trade mark
Article 9 
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Reproduction of Community trade marks in dictionaries
Article 10 
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Prohibition on the use of a Community trade mark registered in the name of an agent or representative
Article 11 
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Limitation of the effects of a Community trade mark
Article 12 
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Exhaustion of the rights conferred by a Community trade mark
Article 13 
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Complementary application of national law relating to infringement
Article 14 
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SECTION 3
USE OF COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
Use of Community trade marks
Article 15 
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SECTION 4
COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS AS OBJECTS OF PROPERTY
Dealing with Community trade marks as national trade marks
Article 16 
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Transfer
Article 17 
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Transfer of a trade mark registered in the name of an agent
Article 18 
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Rights in rem
Article 19 
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Levy of execution
Article 20 
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Insolvency proceedings
Article 21 
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Licensing
Article 22 
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Effects vis-à-vis third parties
Article 23 
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The application for a Community trade mark as an object of property
Article 24 
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TITLE III
APPLICATION FOR COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
SECTION 1
FILING OF APPLICATIONS AND THE CONDITIONS WHICH GOVERN THEM
Filing of applications
Article 25 
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Conditions with which applications must comply
Article 26 
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Date of filing
Article 27 
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Classification
Article 28 
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SECTION 2
PRIORITY
Right of priority
Article 29 
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Claiming priority
Article 30 
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Effect of priority right
Article 31 
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Equivalence of Community filing with national filing
Article 32 
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SECTION 3
EXHIBITION PRIORITY
Exhibition priority
Article 33 
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SECTION 4
CLAIMING THE SENIORITY OF A NATIONAL TRADE MARK
Claiming the seniority of a national trade mark
Article 34 
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Claiming seniority after registration of the Community trade mark
Article 35 
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TITLE IV
REGISTRATION PROCEDURE
SECTION 1
EXAMINATION OF APPLICATIONS
Examination of the conditions of filing
Article 36 
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Examination of the conditions relating to the entitlement of the proprietor
Article 37 
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Examination as to absolute grounds for refusal
Article 38 
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SECTION 2
SEARCH
Search
Article 39 
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SECTION 3
PUBLICATION OF THE APPLICATION
Publication of the application
Article 40 
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SECTION 4
OBSERVATIONS BY THIRD PARTIES AND OPPOSITION
Observations by third parties
Article 41 
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Opposition
Article 42 
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Examination of opposition
Article 43 
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SECTION 5
WITHDRAWAL, RESTRICTION, AMENDMENT AND DIVISION OF THE APPLICATION
Withdrawal, restriction and amendment of the application
Article 44 
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Division of the application
Article 44a 
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SECTION 6
REGISTRATION
Registration
Article 45 
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TITLE V
DURATION, RENEWAL, ALTERATION AND DIVISION OF COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
Duration of registration
Article 46 
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Renewal
Article 47 
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Alteration
Article 48 
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Division of the registration
Article 48a 
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TITLE VI
SURRENDER, REVOCATION AND INVALIDITY
SECTION 1
SURRENDER
Surrender
Article 49 
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SECTION 2
GROUNDS FOR REVOCATION
Grounds for revocation
Article 50 
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SECTION 3
GROUNDS FOR INVALIDITY
Absolute grounds for invalidity
Article 51 
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Relative grounds for invalidity
Article 52 
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Limitation in consequence of acquiescence
Article 53 
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SECTION 4
CONSEQUENCES OF REVOCATION AND INVALIDITY
Consequences of revocation and invalidity
Article 54 
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SECTION 5
PROCEEDINGS IN THE OFFICE IN RELATION TO REVOCATION OR INVALIDITY
Application for revocation or for a declaration of invalidity
Article 55 
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Examination of the application
Article 56 
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TITLE VII
APPEALS
Decisions subject to appeal
Article 57 
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Persons entitled to appeal and to be parties to appeal proceedings
Article 58 
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Time limit and form of appeal
Article 59 
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Revision of decisions in ex parte cases
Article 60 
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Revision of decisions in inter partes cases
Article 60a 
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Examination of appeals
Article 61 
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Decisions in respect of appeals
Article 62 
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Actions before the Court of Justice
Article 63 
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TITLE VIII
COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE MARKS
Community collective marks
Article 64 
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Regulations governing use of the mark
Article 65 
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Refusal of the application
Article 66 
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Observations by third parties
Article 67 
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Use of marks
Article 68 
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Amendment of the regulations governing use of the mark
Article 69 
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Persons who are entitled to bring an action for infringement
Article 70 
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Grounds for revocation
Article 71 
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Grounds for invalidity
Article 72 
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TITLE IX
PROCEDURE
SECTION 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Statement of reasons on which decisions are based
Article 73 
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Examination of the facts by the Office of its own motion
Article 74 
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Oral proceedings
Article 75 
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Taking of evidence
Article 76 
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Notification
Article 77 
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Revocation of decisions
Article 77a 
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Restitutio in integrum
Article 78 
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Continuation of proceedings
Article 78a 
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Reference to general principles
Article 79 
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Termination of financial obligations
Article 80 
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SECTION 2
COSTS
Costs
Article 81 
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Enforcement of decisions fixing the amount of costs
Article 82 
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SECTION 3
INFORMATION OF THE PUBLIC AND OF THE OFFICIAL AUTHORITIES OF THE MEMBER STATES
Register of Community trade marks
Article 83 
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Inspection of files
Article 84 
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Periodical publications
Article 85 
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Administrative cooperation
Article 86 
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Exchange of publications
Article 87 
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SECTION 4
REPRESENTATION
General principles of representation
Article 88 
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Professional representatives
Article 89 
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TITLE X
JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE IN LEGAL ACTIONS RELATING TO COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
SECTION 1
APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT
Application of the Convention on Jurisdiction and Enforcement
Article 90 
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SECTION 2
DISPUTES CONCERNING THE INFRINGEMENT AND VALIDITY OF COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
Community trade mark courts
Article 91 
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Jurisdiction over infringement and validity
Article 92 
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International jurisdiction
Article 93 
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Extent of jurisdiction
Article 94 
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Presumption of validity — Defence as to the merits
Article 95 
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Counterclaims
Article 96 
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Applicable law
Article 97 
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Sanctions
Article 98 
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Provisional and protective measures
Article 99 
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Specific rules on related actions
Article 100 
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Jurisdiction of Community trade mark courts of second instance — Further appeal
Article 101 
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SECTION 3
OTHER DISPUTES CONCERNING COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
Supplementary provisions on the jurisdiction of national courts other than Community trade mark courts
Article 102 
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Obligation of the national court
Article 103 
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SECTION 4
TRANSITIONAL PROVISION
Transitional provision relating to the application of the Convention on Jurisdiction and Enforcement
Article 104 
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TITLE XI
EFFECTS ON THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES
SECTION 1
CIVIL ACTIONS ON THE BASIS OF MORE THAN ONE TRADE MARK
Simultaneous and successive civil actions on the basis of Community trade marks and national trade marks
Article 105 
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SECTION 2
APPLICATION OF NATIONAL LAWS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROHIBITING THE USE OF COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
Prohibition of use of Community trade marks
Article 106 
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Prior rights applicable to particular localities
Article 107 
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SECTION 3
CONVERSION INTO A NATIONAL TRADE MARK APPLICATION
Request for the application of national procedure
Article 108 
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Submission, publication and transmission of the request for conversion
Article 109 
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Formal requirements for conversion
Article 110 
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TITLE XII
THE OFFICE
SECTION 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Legal status
Article 111 
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Staff
Article 112 
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Privileges and immunities
Article 113 
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Liability
Article 114 
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Languages
Article 115 
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Publication; entries in the Register
Article 116 
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Article 117 
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Control of legality
Article 118 
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Access to documents
Article 118a 
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SECTION 2
MANAGEMENT OF THE OFFICE
Powers of the President
Article 119 
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Appointment of senior officials
Article 120 
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SECTION 3
ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD
Creation and powers
Article 121 
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Composition
Article 122 
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Chairmanship
Article 123 
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Meetings
Article 124 
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SECTION 4
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCEDURES
Competence
Article 125 
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Examiners
Article 126 
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Opposition Divisions
Article 127 
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Administration of Trade Marks and Legal Division
Article 128 
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Cancellation Divisions
Article 129 
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Boards of Appeal
Article 130 
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Independence of the members of the Boards of Appeal
Article 131 
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Exclusion and objection
Article 132 
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SECTION 5
BUDGET AND FINANCIAL CONTROL
Budget Committee
Article 133 
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Budget
Article 134 
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Preparation of the budget
Article 135 
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Audit and control
Article 136 
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Auditing of accounts
Article 137 
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Financial provisions
Article 138 
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Fees regulations
Article 139 
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TITLE XIII
INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS
SECTION I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Application of provisions
Article 140 
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SECTION 2
INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION ON THE BASIS OF APPLICATIONS FOR A COMMUNITY TRADE MARK AND OF COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS
Filing of an international application
Article 141 
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Form and contents of the international application
Article 142 
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Recordal in the files and in the Register
Article 143 
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Request for territorial extension subsequent to the international registration
Article 144 
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International fees
Article 145 
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SECTION 3
INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATIONS DESIGNATING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
Effects of international registrations designating the European Community
Article 146 
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Publication
Article 147 
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Seniority
Article 148 
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Examination as to absolute grounds for refusal
Article 149 
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Search
Article 150 
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Opposition
Article 151 
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Replacement of a Community trade mark by an international registration
Article 152 
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Invalidation of the effects of an international registration
Article 153 
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Conversion of a designation of the European Community through an international registration into a national trade mark application or into a designation of Member States
Article 154 
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Use of a mark subject of an international registration
Article 155 
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Transformation
Article 156 
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TITLE XIV
FINAL PROVISIONS
Community implementing provisions
Article 157 
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Establishment of a committee and procedure for the adoption of implementing regulations
Article 158 
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Compatibility with other Community legal provisions
Article 159 
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Provisions relating to the enlargement of the Community
Article 159a 
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Entry into force
Article 160 
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