
Article 1 

1. This Regulation establishes CO2 emissions performance requirements for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles  registered in Northern Ireland in order to contribute to achieving the United Kingdom’s target of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, and the objectives of the Paris Agreement ....
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((8)) This Regulation establishes an application process for the approval of CO2 savings to be achieved through the use of innovative technologies, or a combination of innovative technologies, fitted to new passenger cars or new light commercial vehicles registered in the United Kingdom.
Article 2 

1. This paragraph and paragraphs 2, 3 and 5 of this Article, and Articles 1, 3, 11, 12, 13, ..., 17, 18 and 19 of this Regulation apply to the whole of the United Kingdom. Those paragraphs and Articles apply to the following vehicles—
(a) category M1 as defined in Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as it has effect in domestic law (in respect of vehicles with GB type-approval), or, where relevant, Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858 as it has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol (in respect of vehicles with UK (NI) type-approval or EU type-approval) (“passenger cars”), which are registered in the United Kingdom for the first time and which have not previously been registered outside the United Kingdom (“new passenger cars”);
(b) category N1 as defined in Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as it has effect in domestic law (in respect of vehicles with GB type-approval), or, where relevant, Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858 as it has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol (in respect of vehicles with UK (NI) type-approval or EU type-approval), with a reference mass not exceeding 2 610 kg, and vehicles of category N1 to which type-approval is extended in accordance with Article 2(2) of Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 (“light commercial vehicles”), as it has effect in domestic law (in respect of vehicles with GB type-approval) or, where relevant, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol (in respect of vehicles with UK (NI) type-approval or EU type-approval), which are registered in the United Kingdom for the first time and which have not previously been registered outside the United Kingdom (“new light commercial vehicles”). In the case of zero-emission vehicles of category N with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg or 2 840 kg, as the case may be, they shall, from 1 January 2025, for the purposes of this Regulation and without prejudice to Regulation (EU) 2018/858 and Regulation (EC) No 715/2007, as those Regulations have effect in domestic law (in respect of vehicles with GB type-approval) and, where relevant, as those Regulations have effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol (in respect of vehicles with UK (NI) type-approval or EU type-approval), be counted as UK light commercial vehicles falling within the scope of this Regulation if the excess reference mass is due only to the mass of the energy storage system.
((1A)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, a  previous registration outside  the United Kingdom  made less than three months before registration in  the United Kingdom  shall not be taken into account.
((2A)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. This Regulation does not apply to special purpose vehicles as defined in:
(a) point 5 of Part A of Annex 1 to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as that Regulation has effect in domestic law, in the case of vehicles with GB type-approval; or
(b) point 5 of Part A of Annex 1 to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, in the case of vehicles with UK (NI) type-approval or EU type-approval.
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(5. Paragraph 1  shall not apply to any vehicle registered in  the United Kingdom  which is permanently removed from  the United Kingdom  within three months after that registration.
((5A)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Article 3 

1. For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:
(a) ‘average specific emissions of CO2’ means, in relation to a manufacturer, the average of the specific emissions of CO2 of all new passenger cars or of all new light commercial vehicles of which it is the manufacturer;
(b) ‘certificate of conformity’ means the certificate of conformity referred to in  Articles 36 and 37 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as it has effect in domestic law, or as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol;
(c) ‘completed vehicle’ means a light commercial vehicle where type-approval is granted following completion of a process of multi-stage type-approval in accordance with  Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as it has effect in domestic law, or as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol;
(d) ‘complete vehicle’ means any light commercial vehicle which does not need to be completed in order to meet the relevant technical requirements of  Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as it has effect in domestic law, or as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol;
(e) ‘base vehicle’ means any light commercial vehicle which is used at the initial stage of a multi-stage type-approval process;
(f) “manufacturer” means the person or body responsible to the relevant approval authority for all aspects of:
(i) the GB type-approval procedure, the UK (NI) type-approval procedure or the EU type-approval procedure; and
(ii) for ensuring conformity of production.
(g) ‘mass in running order’ or ‘M’ means the mass of the passenger car or light commercial vehicle with bodywork in running order as stated in the certificate of conformity and defined ... in point 2.6 of Annex 1 to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 as it has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol;
(h) ‘specific emissions of CO2’ means the CO2 emissions of a passenger car or a light commercial vehicle measured in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and its implementing Regulations  , as that Regulation and its implementing Regulations have effect in domestic law or, as the case may be, as that Regulation and its implementing Regulations have effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, and specified as the CO2 mass emissions (combined) in the certificate of conformity of the vehicle. For passenger cars or light commercial vehicles which are not type-approved in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 as it has effect in domestic law or, as the case may be, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, ‘specific emissions of CO2’ means the CO2 emissions measured pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 as it has effect in domestic law or, as the case may be, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, notably in accordance with the same measurement procedure as specified ... in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151,  as it has effect in domestic law or, as the case may be, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, or in accordance with procedures adopted by the Secretary of State to establish the CO2 emissions for such vehicles;
(i) ‘footprint’ means the average track width multiplied by the wheelbase as stated in the certificate of conformity and defined in ... points 2.1 and 2.3 of Annex 1 to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol;
(j) ‘specific emissions target’ means, in relation to a manufacturer, the annual target determined in accordance with Annex I or, if the manufacturer is granted a derogation in accordance with Article 10, the specific emissions target determined according to that derogation;
(k) ‘Northern Ireland fleet-wide   target’ means the average CO2 emissions of  all new NI passenger cars or all new NI light commercial vehicles  to be achieved in a given period;
(l) ‘test mass’ or ‘TM’ means the test mass of a passenger car or light commercial vehicle as stated in the certificate of conformity and as defined in ... point 3.2.25 of Annex 11 to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol;
(m) ‘zero- and low-emission vehicle’ means a passenger car or a light commercial vehicle with tailpipe emissions from zero up to 50 g CO2/km, as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 , as it has effect in domestic law or, as the case may be, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol;
(n) ‘payload’ means the difference between the technically permissible maximum laden mass pursuant to  Article 2 of Commission Regulation (EU) 1230/2012 or, as the case may be, paragraph 1.6 of Section A of Part 2 of Annex 8 to Regulation (EU) 2021/535, as it has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol,  and the mass of the vehicle ;
(o) ‘passenger cars’ and ‘new passenger cars’ have the meanings given in Article 2(1)(a);
(p) ‘light commercial vehicles’ and ‘new light commercial vehicles’ have the meanings given in Article 2(1)(b);
(pa)) “NI passenger cars” and “new NI passenger cars” have the meanings given in Article 2(1A)(a);
(pb) “NI light commercial vehicles” and “new NI light commercial vehicles” have the meanings given in Article 2(1A)(b);
(q) “GB type-approval” means the procedure whereby the approval authority certifies that a type of vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit satisfies the relevant administrative provisions and technical requirements of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, and “GB type-approved” is to be construed accordingly;
(r) “UK (NI) type-approval” means an EU type-approval granted by the Secretary of State in respect of Northern Ireland in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as it has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, and “UK (NI) type-approved” is to be construed accordingly;
(s) “EU type-approval” means the procedure whereby an approval authority certifies that a type of vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit satisfies the relevant administrative provisions and technical requirements of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as it has effect in EU law as amended from time to time, and “EU type-approved” is to be construed accordingly;
(t) “approval authority” means the authority or authorities with competence for all aspects of the type-approval of a vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit, or of the individual vehicle approval, for the authorisation process for parts and equipment, for issuing and, if appropriate, for withdrawing or refusing type-approval certificates, for designating the technical services, and for ensuring that the manufacturer meets its obligations regarding the conformity of production;
(u) “type-approval certificate” means the document whereby the approval authority officially certifies that a type of vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit is type-approved;
(v) “the Northern Ireland Protocol” means the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland in the EU withdrawal agreement.
2. For the purposes of this Regulation, ‘a group of connected manufacturers’ means a manufacturer and its connected undertakings. In relation to a manufacturer, ‘connected undertakings’ means:
(a) undertakings in which the manufacturer has, directly or indirectly:
((i)) the power to exercise more than half the voting rights; or
((ii)) the power to appoint more than half the members of the supervisory board, board of management or bodies legally representing the undertaking; or
((iii)) the right to manage the undertaking's affairs;
(b) undertakings which directly or indirectly have, over the manufacturer, the rights or powers referred to in point (a);
(c) undertakings in which an undertaking referred to in point (b) has, directly or indirectly, the rights or powers referred to in point (a);
(d) undertakings in which the manufacturer together with one or more of the undertakings referred to in point (a), (b) or (c), or in which two or more of the latter undertakings, jointly have the rights or powers referred to in point (a);
(e) undertakings in which the rights or the powers referred to in point (a) are jointly held by the manufacturer or one or more of its connected undertakings referred to in points (a) to (d) and one or more third parties.
Article 4 
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Article 5 
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Article 6 
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Article 7 
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Article 7a 
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Article 8 
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Article 9 
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Article 10 
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Article 11 

1. Upon application by a supplier or a manufacturer, CO2 savings achieved through the use of innovative technologies or a combination of innovative technologies (‘innovative technology packages’) shall be considered.Such technologies shall be taken into consideration only if the methodology used to assess them is capable of producing verifiable, repeatable and comparable results.The total contribution of those technologies to reducing the  CO2 emissions of a new passenger car or a new light commercial vehicle  may be up to 7 g CO2/km.The Regulations may amend this Regulation by adjusting the cap referred to in the third subparagraph of this paragraph with effect from 2025 onwards to take into account technological developments while ensuring a balanced proportion of the level of that cap in relation to the  CO2 emissions of new passenger cars or new light commercial vehicles.
2. Regulations must set out detailed provisions for a procedure to approve the innovative technologies or innovative technology packages referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. ... Those detailed provisions shall be based on the following criteria for innovative technologies:
(a) the supplier or manufacturer must be accountable for the CO2 savings achieved through the use of the innovative technologies;
(b) the innovative technologies must make a verified contribution to CO2 reduction;
(c) the innovative technologies must not be covered by the standard test cycle CO2 measurement;
(d) the innovative technologies must not:
((i)) be covered by mandatory provisions due to complementary additional measures complying with the 10 g CO2/km reduction referred to in Article 1(3); or
((ii)) be mandatory under other provisions of United Kingdom law.With effect from 1 January 2025, the criterion referred to in point (d)(i) of the first subparagraph shall not apply with regard to efficiency improvements for air conditioning systems.
3. A supplier or a manufacturer that applies for a measure to be approved as an innovative technology or innovative technology package shall submit a report, including a verification report undertaken by an independent and certified body, to the Secretary of State. In the event of a possible interaction of the measure with another innovative technology or innovative technology package already approved, that report shall mention that interaction and the verification report shall evaluate to what extent that interaction modifies the reduction achieved by each measure.
4. The Secretary of State shall attest the reduction achieved on the basis of the criteria set out in paragraph 2.
Article 12 

1. The Secretary of State shall monitor and assess the real-world representativeness of the CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption values determined pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 , as it has effect in domestic law, and as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol.Furthermore, the Secretary of State shall regularly collect data on the real-world CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles using on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices, starting with new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021.The Secretary of State shall ensure that the public is informed of how that real-world representativeness evolves over time.
2. For the purpose referred to in paragraph 1, starting from 1 January 2021, the Secretary of State shall ensure that the following parameters relating to real-world CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles are made available at regular intervals to the Secretary of State, from manufacturers, national authorities or through direct data transfer from vehicles, as the case may be:
(a) vehicle identification number;
(b) fuel and/or electric energy consumed;
(c) total distance travelled;
(d) for externally chargeable hybrid electric vehicles, the fuel and electric energy consumed and the distance travelled distributed over the different driving modes;
(e) other parameters necessary to ensure that the obligations set out in paragraph 1 can be met.The Secretary of State shall process the data received under the first subparagraph to create anonymised and aggregated datasets, including per manufacturer, for the purposes of paragraph 1. The vehicle identification numbers shall be used only for the purpose of that data processing and shall not be retained longer than needed for that purpose.
3. In order to prevent the real-world emissions gap from growing, the Secretary of State shall, no later than 1 June 2023, assess how fuel and energy consumption data may be used to ensure that the vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption values determined pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 , as it has effect in domestic law, and as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol,  remain representative of real-world emissions over time for each manufacturer.The Secretary of State shall monitor and report annually on how the gap referred to in the first subparagraph evolves over the period 2021 to 2026 and shall, with the view to preventing an increase in that gap, assess, in 2027, the feasibility of a mechanism to adjust the manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2 as of 2030, and, if appropriate, submit a legislative proposal to put such a mechanism in place.
4. Regulations may set out the detailed procedure for collecting and processing the data referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. ...
Article 13 

1. Manufacturers shall ensure that the CO2 emission and fuel consumption values recorded in the certificates of conformity correspond to the CO2 emissions from, and fuel consumption of, vehicles in-service as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 , as it has effect in domestic law or, as the case may be, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol.
2. Following the entry into force of the procedures referred to in the first subparagraph of paragraph 4, the Secretary of State shall verify, on the basis of appropriate and representative vehicle samples, that the CO2 emission and fuel consumption values recorded in the certificates of conformity correspond to the CO2 emissions from, and fuel consumption of, vehicles in-service as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151  , as it has effect in domestic law or, as the case may be, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, while considering, inter alia, available data from on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices.The Secretary of State shall also verify the presence of any strategies on board or relating to the sampled vehicles that artificially improve the vehicle's performance in the tests performed for the purpose of type-approval by, inter alia, using data from on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices.
3. Where a lack of correspondence of CO2 emission and fuel consumption values or the presence of any strategies artificially improving a vehicle's performance is found as a result of the verifications performed pursuant to paragraph 2, the responsible type-approval authority shall, in addition to taking the necessary measures set out in Chapter XI of Regulation (EU) 2018/858,  as it has effect in domestic law or, as the case may be, as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time or by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, ensure the correction of the certificates of conformity.
4. Regulations may set out the procedures for performing the verifications referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. ...Before making regulations referred to in the first subparagraph, the Secretary of State may make regulations setting out the guiding principles and criteria for defining the procedures referred to in that subparagraph.
Article 14 
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Article 15 
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Article 16 
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Article 17 

(1. Any power to make regulations under this Regulation—
(a) is exercisable by the Secretary of State by statutory instrument; and
(b) includes power to make:
(i) different provision for different cases or descriptions of case, different circumstances or different purposes;
(ii) consequential, incidental, supplementary, transitional or transitory provision or savings.
(2. A statutory instrument containing regulations under this Regulation is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
Article 18 
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References to Regulations (EC) No 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011 are to be construed as references to this Regulation and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex V.
Article 19 
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
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...
ANNEX I
PART A
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART B
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ANNEX II
PART A  1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART B 
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ANNEX III
A.  1.  1.1. 
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 1.2.  1.2.1. 
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 1.2.2. 
For each new completed vehicle of category N1, type-approved in accordance with Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151  (as it has effect ... in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol) registered in 2020 and subsequent calendar years, the manufacturer of the related base vehicle shall report to the Secretary of State by 28 February each year, starting from 2022, the following data relating to the base vehicle:


((a)) where the completed vehicle is based on an incomplete base vehicle:

((i)) vehicle identification number;
((ii)) vehicle family identifier as referred to in paragraph 5.0 of Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 (as it has effect ... in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol);
((iii)) monitoring CO
                                                      2
                                                    emissions determined in accordance with point 1.2.4;
((iv)) frontal area, specifying the applicable option as referred to in point 1.2.4(c);
((v)) rolling resistance, as referred to in point 1.2.4(b);
((vi)) monitoring mass, determined in accordance with point 4.1 of Part B of Annex I;
((vii)) mass in running order;
((viii)) mass representative of the vehicle load as defined in point 1.2.4(a);
((b)) where the completed vehicle is based on a complete base vehicle:

((i)) vehicle identification number;
((ii)) vehicle family identifier as referred to in point (a)(ii) of this paragraph;
((iii)) specific CO
                                                      2
                                                    emissions of the base vehicle;
((iv)) mass in running order.
 1.2.3. 
The Secretary of State shall use the values reported by a base vehicle manufacturer in accordance with point 1.2.2 to calculate its average specific emissions of CO
                                    2
                                  and the specific emission target in the calendar year in which the related completed vehicle is registered, except where the conditions referred to in point 1.2.5 are met in which case the data for the completed vehicles shall be used.

Where the data referred to in point 1.2.2 is not reported by the manufacturer of the base vehicle, the specific CO
                                    2
                                  emissions collected by the Secretary of State in accordance with point 1.2.1 with regard to the related completed vehicle shall be used for the calculation of the average specific emissions of CO
                                    2
                                  and the specific emissions target of the manufacturer concerned.
 1.2.4. 
A manufacturer shall, starting from calendar year 2021, calculate the monitoring CO
                                    2
                                  emissions for each of its individual incomplete base vehicles in accordance with the interpolation method referred to in points 3.2.3.2 or 3.2.4 of Sub-Annex 7 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 (as it has effect in domestic law and as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol), using the same method as that applied for the  ... UK (NI) type-approval or EU type-approval  of the base vehicle with regard to its emissions, where the terms shall be as defined in those points with the following exceptions:


((a)) Mass of the individual vehicle
The term ‘TM
                                             ind
                                          ’ referred to in points 3.2.3.2.2.1 or 3.2.4.1.1.1 of Sub-Annex 7 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151  (as it has effect in domestic law and as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol) shall be replaced by the base vehicle default mass, DM
                                             base
                                          . Where DM
                                             base
                                           is lower than the test mass of vehicle low, TM
                                             L
                                          , of the interpolation family, TM
                                             ind
                                           shall be replaced by TM
                                             L
                                          . Where DM
                                             base
                                           is higher than the test mass of vehicle high, TM
                                             H
                                          , of the interpolation family, TM
                                             ind
                                           shall be replaced by TM
                                             H
                                          .
DM
                                             base
                                           shall be determined in accordance with the following formula:
DM
                                             base
                                           = MRO
                                             base
                                           × B
                                             0
                                           + 25 kg + M
                                             VL
                                          
where:

                                                MRO
                                                
                                                   base
                                                is the mass in running order of the base vehicle as defined in point 3.2.5 of Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 (as it has effect in domestic law and as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol);
                                                B
                                                
                                                   0
                                                is the body mass value of  1.387;
                                                M
                                                
                                                   VL
                                                is the mass representative of the vehicle load, which means 28 per cent of the maximum vehicle load, where maximum vehicle load is defined as the technically permissible maximum laden mass minus the mass in running order of the base vehicle multiplied by B
                                                         0
                                                      , minus 25 kg.
The value of B
                                             0
                                           shall be adjusted by 31 October 2021 on the basis of the mass in running order of the incomplete base vehicles for all completed vehicles registered in calendar years 2018, 2019, and 2020, calculated in accordance with the below formulas. The new B
                                             0
                                           value shall apply from 1 January 2022 until 31 December 2024.
Formula 1:

where:

                                                A
                                                
                                                   i
                                                is the value A
                                                         y
                                                       as calculated in Formula 2 for the relevant calendar year
                                                n
                                                
                                                   i
                                                is the number of incomplete base vehicles related to completed vehicles registered in the calendar year
Formula 2:

where:

                                                A
                                                
                                                   y
                                                is the average of the ratio between M
                                                         fi
                                                       and M
                                                         bi
                                                       for each of the calendar years 2018 to 2020;
                                                M
                                                
                                                   fi
                                                is the mass in running order of the incomplete base vehicle increased by the default added mass as defined in Section 5 of Annex XII to Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 , as it had effect in EU law immediately before IP completion day;
                                                M
                                                
                                                   bi
                                                is the mass in running order of the incomplete base vehicle;
                                                n
                                             is the number of incomplete base vehicles related to completed vehicles registered in the calendar year.
((b)) Rolling resistance of the individual vehicle
The rolling resistance of the base vehicle shall be used for the purposes of point 3.2.3.2.2.2 or 3.2.4.1.1.2 of Sub-Annex 7 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 (as it has effect in domestic law and as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol).
((c)) Frontal area
In the case of an incomplete base vehicle that belongs to a road load matrix family, the manufacturer shall determine the term ‘Af’ referred to in point 3.2.3.2.2.3 of Sub-Annex 7 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 (as it has effect in domestic law and as that Regulation has effect in EU law as amended from time to time and by virtue of the Northern Ireland Protocol)  in accordance with one of the following options:

((i)) frontal area of the representative vehicle of the road load matrix family, in m
                                                      2
                                                   ;
((ii)) the mean value of the frontal area of vehicle high and vehicle low of the interpolation family, in m
                                                      2
                                                   ;
((iii)) the frontal area of the vehicle high of the interpolation family, in case the interpolation method is not used, in m
                                                      2
                                                   .
In the case of an incomplete base vehicle that does not belong to a road load matrix family, the frontal area value of vehicle high of the interpolation family shall be used.
 1.2.5. 
The Secretary of State shall each year assess the representativeness of the average of the monitoring CO
                                    2
                                  emissions reported by the base vehicle manufacturer as compared to the average of the specific emissions of CO
                                    2
                                  of the related completed vehicles registered in the relevant calendar year. The Secretary of State shall inform the manufacturer of the base vehicle of the divergence found between those values.

In case a divergence by 4 % or more is found during each of two successive calendar years, the Secretary of State shall use the average of the specific emissions of CO
                                    2
                                  of the completed vehicles in the following calendar year to calculate the average specific emissions of CO
                                    2
                                  of the base vehicle manufacturer or the pool in that year.
 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B. 
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C. 
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ANNEX 4 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ANNEX V

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
